如何比较一个自变量对三个因变量的影响大小？

ZYS @ 2010-01-23:

Dear Dr. Zhu,

I read your blog post on how to test the differences of two correlation coefficients posted on http://zjz06.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!3F49BBFB6C5A1D86!954.entry. Is it appropriate to use your method for two regression models based on one sample population?

My question is whether there is a appropriate way to test significant difference between regression coefficients of two different models from same sample population? For example in the below table, how would we statistically compare the difference between betas for political interest as predictors of DV in three conditions? This is a repeated measure experiment. the same group participants participated in three conditions in three months. In other words, the research question is whether the impact of political interest on opinion expression is moderated by condition... The reviewer wants a statistical test --but i didn't find a good way to test since they are not independent samples...

	Opinion expression in Condition 1	Opinion expression in Condition 2	Opinion expression in Condition 3
	ß	ß	ß
Education	.13*	-.07	-.06
Male	.10*	-.01	.05
Age	-.04	.28***	.31***
White	.04	.03	-.03
Political Interest	.33***	.10*	.08
R-square	.04	.09	.11
F	3.60**	7.48***	9.61***

Is there a better way this problem could be tackled?

庄主 @ 2010-01-24:

Your research question differs from the one in that post, where the issue is to compare the correlation coefficients between two independent variables (IVs) with the same dependent variable (DV) whereas your task is to compare the correlations between the same IV with three different DVs.

One approach you can consider is repeated measures regression in general linear modeling (GLM), in which you form a within-subjects (WS) factor to account for the three DVs, and then regress the WS factor on your IV and control variables.  To test the significance of the differences among the relevant regression coefficients, you use the procedure described in 如何检验两个回归系数的差别？.

Another approach, which I think simpler and easier to be understood, is to test a path model with  equality constraints in SEM (see the diagram below). Aside from your regular hypotheses, you fit a series of nested models to test the null hypothesis that β₁ = β₂ = β₃. For example, you compare the fully unconstrained model in which β₁, β₂, and β₃ are free to be estimated and the fully constrained model in which β₁, β₂, and β₃ are fixed to be the same.  The difference in the resulting Chi-squares between the two models, tested with Chi-square distribution with 2 degrees of freedom, tests the above null hypothesis.  In addition, you can test the fully constrained model with three partially constrained models, each with a pairwise constraint such as β₁ = β₂, β₁ = B₃, or β₂ = β₃, to entertain the possibility that not all three coefficients are exactly the same but some pair(s) of them may be. 

With the data in the table you provided, I guess that Condition 1 would be significantly different from Conditions 2 and 3 whereas the latter two might not. 

Good luck with your publication.  If it’s published, please come here to share your experience in getting published in journals.  Many readers of this blog would be very interested in learning from your experience.